Diabetes is primarily caused by an insufficient supply of which hormone?

Diabetes is primarily caused by an insufficient supply of insulin, which is a crucial hormone produced by the pancreas. Insulin is responsible for regulating blood sugar levels by facilitating the uptake of glucose into the cells for energy production. When there is not enough insulin, or if the body’s cells become resistant to insulin, glucose cannot enter the cells effectively, leading to elevated blood sugar levels, which is the hallmark of diabetes.

The other hormones listed do play roles in metabolism and glucose regulation, but they do not have the same direct impact on lowering blood sugar levels as insulin. For instance, glucagon works to raise blood sugar levels when they are too low, cortisol influences metabolism during stress, and adrenaline (epinephrine) is involved in the fight-or-flight response, which can also raise blood sugar temporarily. However, the core issue in diabetes revolves around the inadequate production or action of insulin, making it essential to understand its role in blood sugar management.