What condition is characterized by excessive amounts of sugar in the blood and sugar excretion in urine?

Diabetes is characterized by the body’s inability to properly regulate blood sugar levels, which leads to excessive amounts of sugar in the blood. This occurs either because the body does not produce enough insulin (a hormone that regulates blood sugar) or because the body's cells do not respond effectively to insulin. As a result, when blood sugar levels rise significantly, excess glucose is filtered out by the kidneys and excreted in urine. This condition can manifest in two main forms: Type 1 diabetes, where the body does not produce insulin, and Type 2 diabetes, where the body's cells become resistant to insulin.

In contrast, hypertension refers to elevated blood pressure and does not relate directly to blood sugar levels or glucose excretion. Hyperlipidemia involves elevated levels of lipids in the blood and is not associated with sugar in the urine. Hypoglycemia describes low blood sugar levels, which is not consistent with the condition detailed in the question. Therefore, diabetes is the only condition that directly ties to both excessive sugar in the blood and its excretion in the urine.