Which of the following is considered an adventitious hearing impairment?

Adventitious hearing impairment refers to hearing loss that occurs later in life due to external factors rather than being present at birth or a result of genetic predisposition. This type of impairment can result from various causes, such as trauma, illness, or exposure to loud noise.

In this context, injury or illness-induced hearing loss fits the definition of adventitious because it develops after birth as a consequence of an event or medical condition. This can include hearing loss resulting from a head injury, an ear infection that leads to permanent damage, or exposure to ototoxic medications.

On the other hand, age-related hearing loss, genetic conditions, and congenital malformations represent different categories of hearing impairment. Age-related hearing loss occurs gradually as part of the aging process, genetic conditions are inherited and manifest no matter the age of the individual, and congenital malformations refer to structural abnormalities present at birth. Therefore, these options do not classify as adventitious since they do not arise from an event or trauma that occurs later in life.