Which visual impairment is characterized by excessive high pressure within the eyeball?

The visual impairment characterized by excessive high pressure within the eyeball is glaucoma. This condition occurs when the fluid built up in the eye increases pressure, potentially damaging the optic nerve and leading to vision loss if not managed properly. Glaucoma can often progress without noticeable symptoms in its early stages, which makes regular eye examinations critical for early detection and treatment.

Cataracts involve clouding of the eye's lens and do not relate to intraocular pressure. Macular degeneration affects the central portion of the retina and leads to visual impairment, but it is not associated with eye pressure. Retinitis pigmentosa is a group of genetic disorders resulting in the degeneration of the retina, affecting peripheral vision and night vision, but again, it is unrelated to high intraocular pressure. Understanding these differences is crucial in identifying and appropriately managing various visual impairments.